Tuesday, September 15, 2020

Jerry Seinfeld Rips Author Of Nyc Is Dead Forever Essay

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Jerry Seinfeld Rips Author Of Nyc Is Dead Forever Essay

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Friday, September 11, 2020

Writing An Essay? Here Are 10 Effective Tips

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Wednesday, September 2, 2020

How Long Does It Take To Write 1,500 Words?

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Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Essay

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Essay

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Tuesday, June 2, 2020

Vietnamese through the Eyes of a Foreigner - Literature Essay Samples

Robert Olen Butler’s collection of short stories in his novella, â€Å"A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain,† explores issues confronting Vietnamese immigrants in America after the conclusion of the U.S. war in Vietnam. With great care, Butler exhibits the experiences of displaced Vietnamese such as indifference, dislocation, adjustment, and acculturation encountered after the fall of Saigon and the loss of their nation. The original stories are narrated through the voices of Vietnamese Americans who are residing in and around the New Orleans area. Most likely in response to POW/MIA concerns, Butler later added two additional short stories (last two in the collection) that provides a perspective of a Communist fighter still in Vietnam and an American defector who is still living in a remote and poverty stricken location in Vietnam. Butler’s novel was an instant hit winning the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1993. Although there are few cynical critics of Butlerâ⠂¬â„¢s work there is little contention in how he structured and depicted the struggles and social issues facing the Vietnamese. I support his work because of the great level of sociological, anthropological, historical, and realistic manner he utilized in capturing/delivering the Vietnamese â€Å"other.† Dan Schneider a book critic from an International Writers Magazine-Hackwriters expressed a quite mixed messaged review. He asserts, â€Å"At his best Butler gets inside a foreign identity, while at his worst he utterly fails, as in Fairy Tale. Yet, most of the characters are very human, and relatable.† Although Schneider seems to have enjoyed the majority of the stories in Butler’s book his pessimistic comments are without substance. His dismissal of the book’s accomplishments and failures are presented without any in-depth analysis into the underpinnings of the book, its symbolism, or the notion of the difficult task that Butler set out to frame. He pro vides rather brief and mindless commentary with no explanations such as, â€Å"Snow is a tale that is mediocre. Relic is a tale with promise, about a man who claims to own one of the shoes John Lennon was wearing when he was shot to death, yet it ends poorly. Preparation, about two former friends reunited- one dead, one alive- is another good tale, especially on the heels of some of the lesser stories it follows. The American Couple is, after Fairy Tale, the worst in the book, mainly because it’s the longest, at 80 pages, and follows two American couples- one white and one Vietnamese- in Mexico. Not much occurs in all its pages.† Nonetheless, Schneider does provide some praise in his closing statements, â€Å"Butler can touch on similar themes in such dissimilar ways shows that he is a true artist with the pen.† This statement is written proof that the story and messages Butler was telling were incomprehensible and impenetrable to Schneider’s blatant simp leton mode of thinking. Additionally, a book critic from the New York Times, George Packer also points out the relative weaknesses and strengths in Butler’s short stories but unlike Schneider provides reasons for each position creating a comprehensive and insightful review. The weaknesses Packer points out are mainly concerning substance and story structure but in whole he credits Butler for what he has achieved in the construct of this book. Packer asserts, A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain goes a long way toward making the Vietnamese real, and its method is bold†¦The Americans have become foils; its the Vietnamese who are now at the center, haunted by the past, ambivalent about their hosts, suffering sexual torments, seeking a truce in their various wars.† Packer continues, â€Å"They (the short stories) are the work of a writer who is intoxicated by Vietnam and the Vietnamese, who loves what has alienated so many other Americans, including novelists.†I n my opinion, to analyze a historical novel’s value beyond a â€Å"face value† entertainment factor requires a reader/reviewer that can read between the lines, grab a feel of the characters, setting, theme, and plot-understand them for what they represent and how it relates the author and the outside social phenomenon. As a result, the intention of this essay is to provide examples of Butler’s skill in portraying fairly accurate experiences of displaced Vietnamese which is a hefty task in its own right. At the same time, although as close as his construct may be, I also intend to draw out flaws in the stories where Butler’s cultural shortcomings are manifested. However it is important to note that there are more manifestations of the latter than the former, thus highlighting his achievement in this ultimately difficult endeavor. Nonetheless, Butler’s true accomplishment is displayed in the skill and tactfulness of how he represented real life issue s and phenomena facing displaced Vietnamese through their eyes despite him being an American and ethnic outsider to their world. His portrayal is evidence that with the right experience and knowledge non-members of a culture can represent, depict, and describe the feelings and social phenomenon of â€Å"the other.† Butler is one of the few writers I have encountered so far that provides a virtually precise and alternate perspective of the Vietnamese experience through almost â€Å"native eyes.† By Butler adding the last two stories in his novella although valuable as they may be in context to the overall post-war Vietnam experience, they seem somewhat displaced, therefore I do not offer commentary.Interestingly, Butler chose to narrate his stories through the eyes and voices of expatriate Vietnamese in the U.S. By this, he has shown that the Vietnam War experience and the cultural exchanges thereafter not only brought the war to America physically but also mentally in Vietnamese migrants, U.S. Vietnam Veterans, their families, and America on the whole. The fact that Butler being a linguist and a veteran of the war himself, creates a unique relationship and a solid basis to recount the social experiences in a comprehensive manner that both draws from his advanced understanding and familiarity of Vietnamese and U.S. Vietnam veterans experiences. Butler developed his characters identity through his extensive knowledge of the Vietnamese language, culture, backed by his in-depth grasp of Vietnamese socio-anthropological issues. Butler was a counter-intelligence agent during the war which gave him ample opportunity to further comprehend Vietnamese society culture. Also important to note, Butler had a solid educational background (BA in Theater MFA in Playwriting) to fall back on before delving into the Vietnamese language and culture granting him better comprehension of â€Å"the other† which ultimately shows in his ability to write but to por tray the Vietnamese so convincingly. Additionally, Butler moved to Louisiana before writing the collection-a place comparable to the Vietnam Delta’s he spent during the war. There is also a large population of Vietnamese expatriates which also gave texture in Butler’s choice of theme, setting, and character identities in the story. The relocation to Louisiana put him â€Å"back on the front lines† so to speak where the war continued in the hearts and minds of numerous Vietnamese refugees. Its theme highlights Butler’s characters who are coping with post-war affects (ongoing struggles) concerning the loss of their nation, dislocation, difference, acculturation, and closure. Significantly, Butler’s own experiences are somewhat comparable to displaced Vietnamese in America. In the broadest sense, by Butler learning Vietnamese language culture beforehand and spending time in the war, it required him to experience some sense of difference, dislocation acculturation that the Vietnamese boat people experienced when immigrating abroad. This is a similar phenomenon in many ways because by being taken from his native environment and being forced to function in the war torn country that was foreign to him-(to an extremely less extent). This experience possibly provided another dimension to the characters. Even more impressively, Butler accomplished his character constructs without using real life people as the basis. In a 2000 interview with powell.com, Butler claimed, â€Å"Of the fifteen narrators in A Good Scent, not one of them has a real life counterpart.† (Murgatroid, 2000).For example in the titular story A Good Scent from A Strange Mountain, Thang, Loi and Dao’s daughters lives are shaped by their ongoing experiences of difference, dislocation, acculturation on their path to closure from the pain, confusion, and anguish the war and their forced migration to America signifies. These phenomena are intertwined in t he Vietnamese Diaspora that Butler wittingly utilizes in his characters inner and outer struggles in their new home. This story also presents what the core issues faced by Vietnamese in America-the ongoing transported qualms from the war, dislocation, and affects of natural assimilation into American culture vs. enforcement of maintaining traditional culture and identity. For example, Thang and Loi secretly talk about the murder they carried out against a fellow countryman because of his supportive stance to reconciliation with the communist government. Dao unknowingly to Thang and Loi catches wind of what has transpired-a brutal murder. Dao makes note of this and despite his yearning to make it known he chooses not to open up in fear of disrupting his family harmony. Dao being the head of the family, is disturbed because he realizes members of his family have become too â€Å"Americanized† and that he too is contemplating on being â€Å"Un-Vietnamese† by breaking the silence of the murder he knows his son-in-law and grandson have committed. He chooses in the end to stay silent in order to not to disrupt family harmony which is a pillar in traditional Vietnamese culture.Butler also displayed in-depth knowledge of the culture in his incorporation of Vietnamese ancient (dragon fairytale) and modern history (the book itself), folklore (in Snow In the Clearing), cultural holidays practices (Mid-Autumn Preparation) and the presence of pre-war ideological battles within the Vietnamese community itself induced by the process of French colonization. The pre-war inner and outer ideological battles are presented in his frequent mention of the North-South division amongst settlers in the U.S. Butler accurately described resentment that Catholics from the North faced upon their arrival in the South before and during the war and how this was transferred to America in the Vietnamese decision to segregate themselves in either Northern or Southern communities in the greater New Orleans area. Butler represented the real life cultural biases and prejudices that Vietnamese deal with amongst themselves and incorporates it throughout several of the short stories (Relic, Crickets, Snow, Fairytale, Mr. Green, Open Arms). This ideological â€Å"clash of cultures† was presented in Mr. Green which is the story about one middle-aged Vietnamese woman who recalls memories about her grandfather through his parrot. The battle has been troubling her for so many years are her family’s deep division over religion-Catholicism (brought by the French) and (traditional) ancestral worship. Although the main character of the story has always wanted to respect the wishes of her deceased grandfather she cannot because her generational conversion to Catholicism. Stuck in tradition, her grandfather was always upset about this because he felt that their ancestors’ spirits were left behind in sort of a spiritual limbo. This is coupled by her f amilies forced migration to America. These concerns bothered her grandfather to his deathbed before migrating and now her as the parrot would not let her forget. In many ways, the main character seems to be dealing with an indentity crisis brought on by cultural/ideological clash within her and her family. She is frustrated that she cannot take on this important familial role of taking care of her ancestors-grandfathers wishes. Ironically superstition and ancestral worship thinking has not been wiped away as she often ponders if the parrot is her reincarnated grandfather-a traditional Vietnamese belief. In the end, (despite her being Catholic) she decides to end kill the dying parrot who she feels is her reincarnated grandfather by snapping its neck. In a way, this is her way with dealing with these contradictions because it has torn at her all along. In The Trip Back, Butler displays struggles Vietnamese immigrants faced as they became acculturated into American culture. Khanh , the main character of the story is going through a self-realization of his changes that has made him less in tune with traditional Vietnamese ways. Khanh’s Americanization is voiced well with these comments, â€Å"I have become a blunt man, not like a Vietnamese at all. It’s the way I do business.† Khanh continues to explain, â€Å"I found that I myself was no longer comfortable with the old ways†¦.Like the extended family†¦the indirectness, for instance†¦The superstition.† (Butler, pgs. 36 40). Additionally in Crickets, Thieu-or â€Å"Ted† the main character vents his problems concerning his coping with difference, dislocation, adjustment, and acceptance issues after living in America for several years. On page 59, Thieu explains his dislike of his new American name and place in American society, â€Å"†¦They call me Ted because they want to think of me as one of them, though sometimes it bothers me that these men are so m uch bigger than me. I am the size of a woman in this country†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Later in the story, Thieu attempts to teach one of his favorite Vietnamese childhood pastimes to his son. Although as hard as Thieu tries, he finally realizes towards the end his efforts are futile as he cannot even find the right type of crickets to carry out a fight nor the less keep the attention of his son who is the least interested. On page 60, Thieu describes the disconnection between him and his son, â€Å"He is proud to have been born in America†¦when he leaves he says â€Å"†Have a good day ya’ll.† Sometimes I say goodbye to him in Vietnamese and he wrinkles his nose at me and says, â€Å"Aw, Pop† like I’d just cracked a funny joke. He doesn’t speak Vietnamese at all and my wife says not to worry about that. He is an American.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Although Thieu seems a bit frustrated at the outside world trying to make him â€Å"one of them.† He seems to come to terms with it for the most part in his son. He feels that he must maintain his Vietnamese identity and part of his â€Å"Vietnameseness.† It seems the idea of Thieu’s son â€Å"being an American†, although at times bitterly taken pushes him to realize that his family is both-especially him. He is both Ted and Thieu, both Vietnamese and American gained from his migration to America. This is a common theme in several of the short stories as Butler’s characters realize they are changed by their experience in America. They begin to view themselves differently despite cultural and inner clashes with self, group, and identity. It seems as people are acculturated/assimilated into the host culture, they begin to view themselves similar to the cultural lenses of the host culture-a culture so different and foreign that they feel may have felt so indifferent to them in the first place is now what they are or have become. As in Thieu’s case, accept ance of a dual identity has surfaced but not yet realized. Another important aspect of the Vietnamese Diaspora Butler captures is in Letters from My Father. In this short story he recounts the experiences through the eyes of an Amerasian child who was left behind in Vietnam with her mother for several years before immigrating to the U.S. Now in America, the woman recalls her experiences in post-war Vietnam as a â€Å"bui doi†-literally translated as â€Å"dust of life† as Amerasian offspring were derogatorily referred to. This is a historically accurate phenomenon and common occurrence in Vietnam that Butler picked up on. The problem was left unattended to for many years before Operation Babylift and the subsequent loosening of U.S. immigration laws took responsibility for this issue. In the meantime, half-breed American children were left behind to unfair and dismal lives under strict Communist regime. They were given a lesser status and ignored by the U.S. until the late 80s early 90s. Also noteworthy, Butler’s Vietnamese linguistic ability enabled him to make further observations as to how the Vietnamese see and view the world. This knowledge of the culture and language is invaluable when trying to understand and make sense of â€Å"the other† and more so if a writer is to depict his foreign characters with a sense of reality (I was also trained Vietnamese interpreter for the U.S. Army). One example of the author’s cultural knowledge is his reference and understanding of the significance of the Vietnamese family structure and values intertwined in their culture. He made it this notion evident as at least part if not the whole dilemma in his characters experiences in migrating to the U.S. He also used the Vietnamese linguistic/cultural knowledge in the way he associates context and dialogue between his characters. This precision proves Butler is someone with more than a rudimentary knowledge of the language and culture thu s allowing him to paint a true picture in the Vietnamese voices of his characters. For example the visual experience provided by the waitress in Snow. Her mental vivid description of what most Westerners would dismiss displays Butler’s attention to detail concerning Mr. Cohen’s nose-in a Vietnamese fashion. The narrator in Fairy Tale, Miss Noi is delivered accurately. Her usage of what seems broken English is how Vietnamese who have not mastered English talk. Butler must have studied Vietnamese in America who learned English at less proficient levels allowing him to devise her voice. While analyzing his proficiency of the language, I noticed only one incident where Butler inaccurately uses the Vietnamese. In A Ghost Story, the main character Trung refers to himself to the elderly mother of the deceased lady as Major Trung (Butler, pg. 117). For the most part and my experiences working with the U.S. military in Vietnam with Vietnamese from 2003 to 2007, never encounter ed my military counterparts refer to themselves by rank with each other or to outside people in the community. It is most common that Vietnamese refer to people and themselves differentially along family rank whether if blood relation exists. It would been more accurate to use an inferior personal pronoun such as nephew (chau) or child (con) in this context depending on whether he spoke Northern Vietnamese or Southern. Although it seems minor, it does detract from the reality of the way â€Å"the other† is depicted. Despite this minute error there are many opportunities to make mistakes in other stories in the book where there would be a high level of Vietnamese dialogue between the characters (although presented in English for the reader). Some of the context seems to be written and even thought in English as it would make sense as some of the characters are going through the process of assimilation/acculturation. Nonetheless, throughout the book there are few instances whe re the dialogue seems unrealistic or cultural erroneous. These discrepancies are minor when examining the entirety of the book given the author was not a direct member of the culture. This inaccuracy can possible be attributed to this natural â€Å"gap† since although he understands the other, he ultimately is not â€Å"the other†. In sum, when compared to other writers who attempt to correctly depict people outside their cultural basis through unbiased and knowledgeable means, there is always room for error as Butler’s minimal misuses of language and dialogue exhibits. When compared to another author who has depicted â€Å"the other†, John Burdett (Drowns, 2008), James Olen Butler most definitely comes out as the victor in portraying a more precise and realistic world through the eyes of a â€Å"native.† But this should not discredit Burdett’s work as his story did not deal with foreigners being acculturated into the American culture. This may have given Butler an edge ultimately making his task an easier one. Both authors’ regardless what level of attainment they have for internalizing the knowledge and experiences of â€Å"the other†, both authors are points in case nonetheless that a inevitable cultural gap exists and the fact that author’s cultural biasness, mis-perceptions in historical accuracy (typical contradiction in historical fiction novels), lack of cultural/linguistic understanding that they were originally enculturated into (regardless of the level that they have been acculturated into the host or other culture), find their basis to their own identities will seep through the fine lines in the depiction of â€Å"the other.† References:Butler, R. 1992. A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain, Grove Press, New York, NY. Drowns, W. 2008, Literary Review: John Burdett’s Bangkok Eight, unpublished book review, Hawaii Pacific University Murgatroid. March 3, 2000. Powel l.com interview with Murgatroid, viewed online on April 9, 2008, at: Packer, G. June 7, 1992. From the Mekong to the Bayous, New York Times Online archive, Review of a Good Scent from a Strange Mountain viewed on April 9, 2008 at: Schneider, D. 2005. Untitled Hackwriters review website article, viewed on April 9, 2008 at:

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

His Excellency- George Washington Book Review Essays

His Excellency: George Washington Joseph Ellis sets out to make George Washington, the person we think of as an icon, into a real person. He wants to show us what makes him tick. He wants to turn the marble into the man. So many students today see George Washington as a memorial, a monument, a face on a dollar bill, and the man who could not lie when he cut down the cherry tree. He wants to show us the man George Washington was in his day. Ellis’s method was to divide George Washington’s life into three main parts: 1. Events that transpired during the French and Indian War 2. His part as general in the American Revolution 3. His actions as President of the United States When writing the biography of George†¦show more content†¦His Excellency is divided into seven different chapters; 1) Interior Regions 2) The Strenuous Squire 3) First in War 4) Destiny’s Child 5) Introspective Interlude 6) First in Peace, and 7) Testament. Each chapter in the book covers a part of George Washington’s life. It begins with Washington as a 21 year old serving as a messenger in enemy terrain during the French/Indian war, which we have learned for our past test is also known as the seven year war. Instead of going to school like many men his age, George instead decided to fight in the war. All of the forces that were put under him were defeated and this upset and extremely frustrated him. He was forced to witness his own group of soldiers get massacred because of decisions he had made. The following chapters portray the sections of Washington life when he was a soldier, his days as a general, and his duty as the president. The book details the military plights Washington faced as a leader. Ellis says that Washington â€Å"lost more battles than he won; indeed, he lost more battles than any victorious general in modern history.† The War for Independence emerged as the most significant milestone in George Washingtons life, a time in which he evolved into a grown man, a notorious politician, and a national icon. Ellis does not take us through each battle in detail, but describes the events that shaped Washington’s life and made him a humanShow MoreRelatedThe Revolutionary Generation, By Joseph J. Ellis1730 Words   |  7 Pagesand historian. Born July 18, 1943 in Washington, D.C., Ellis would grow up to be one of the best, well-known scholars of America. He began his college education at Yale University, then at the College of William Mary. E llis works include Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation, American Sphinx, and His Excellency: George Washington. His books have brought his name into one of remembrance as his books have gone on to win the Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award, and New York Times bestsellerRead MoreIndian National Army and Its Role in Independence Struggle7239 Words   |  29 Pages...................................................................................................... 21 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 22 Books ................................................................................................................................... 22 Articles .......................................................................................................

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Over population in Pakistan free essay sample

What is Population? In human biology, the whole numbers of residents take up an area (such as a country or the world) and frequently being changed by increases (births and migrations) and losses (deaths and migrations). What is Over Population? The term â€Å"Over Population† or â€Å"Population Explosion† is used to express the idea of more population for fewer resources. Population Situation in Pakistan: According to the economic survey of Pakistan 2010-11, the total population of Pakistan is 177. 1 million against the 173. 5 million in last year. Population growth rate is 2. 1 % and in the list of most populous countries, Pakistan is at 6th number. CAUSES OF OVER POPULATION Following are the main causes of over population in Pakistan: ALLAH is RAZIQ Muslims have a solid belief that God gives food to everyone even to an ant living in a stone. So, why they reduce the size of family? No or Less Opportunity Cost 71 % Women are not active in economic activities in Pakistan. Women have no any economic loss while having a childe. Opportunity cost for having a childe is very low or zero in Pakistan. Low Per Capita Income We know that per capita income derives by dividing national income on total population. Low per capita income shows population explosion. Per capita income in Pakistan is $ 1254. Unemployment Unemployment is also a symbol of over population. It is difficult to adjust the huge population in economic activities. Rate of unemployment is 5. 6 % in Pakistan. High Population Growth Rate The birth rate is very high which shows that our country is over populated. Rapid growth rate of population is 2. 1 % in Pakistan. Need for More Earning Hands A single person cannot sport his large family in developing countries like Pakistan. He thinks to have more children to be more earning hands. Afghan Refugees An arrival of refugees from India and especially from Afghanistan is also resulting in more population. Low Death Rate Reduction in death rate is another cause of over population. Death rate in 1951 was 2. 8 % while it is just 0. 73 % in 2010-11. Low Standard of Living It is observed that in Pakistan people with low income have more children. It is difficult to support such large size family. It results in low living standard of the population. Warm Climate Due to the warm climate, youth and maturity is attained at an early age. It also results in rapid population growth. Absence of Family Planning Effective family planning is not available in Pakistan. People are not familiar with the methods of family planning. They feel hesitation to consult a doctor. Joint Family System There is competition among the family member in accordance with the family size in joint family system. It is also a cause for rapid growth of children. Early Marriages The marriages take place usually between 16 to 22 years of age in Pakistan. The duration for re-productivity is very lengthy. Illiteracy Due to lack of education, people are not aware of with the economic problems caused by high birth rate. Literacy rate is 57. 7 % in Pakistan. Inefficient Population Dependency ratio is very high in our county. Only 32. 17 % population take part in economic activities and other 67. 83 % depends upon them. It views as a pressure on land and population expulsion. Polygamy Practice Polygamy is the condition or practice of having more than one wife at one time. The existence of polygamy also contributes to the increase in population. Urbanization Due to rural urban migration and lack of facilities in cities, there are many social problems. It results in increase in urban population. Higher rate of urbanization is an indicator of over population. Low Saving Investment The rate of saving and investment of GDP are only 9. 5% and 13. 4% respectively in Pakistan. Rate of investment and employment is also very low due to low rate of savings. So these indicate that Pakistan is over populated. Poor Nutrition People in Pakistan get poor diet, which affects the health and working capacity. It reduces the per capita income, which is a sign of population explosion. Concept of Large Family Large family size is considered as a source of power to influence people and to control the persons around them. People feel pride to have a large family. Vicious Circle of Poverty Very high population growth rate reduces the per capita income, saving, investment and productivity. A country is thus caught up in vicious circle of poverty. Vicious circle of poverty is also a symbol of over population. Universality of Marriage All men and women of marriageable age enter into wedlock. As such the birth rate is higher in Pakistan. Absence of Other Activities There is absence of recreational facilities and employment opportunities in Pakistan. Time passing and any other enjoyments in Pakistan are very costly. So, people have a more time to spend with their wives. EFFECTS OF OVER POPULATION Low Per Capital Income The population growth reduces per capita income of the people because national income is divided by a big size of population. Per capital income of Pakistan is $ 1254 during 2010-11. Unemployment, Under-employment and Disguised-unemployment It is impossible to provide jobs to such highly growing population in Pakistan. It results in unemployment, under-employment and disguised-unemployment. Rate of unemployment in Pakistan is 5. 6%. Low Growth of Agriculture Sector Very fast growth rate of population is a pressure on land. It caused to use of agricultural products at domestic level, increase in the landless workers and shortage of food. Growth rate of agriculture sector is 1. 2%. Low Saving and Low Investment The rapidly increasing population increases the expenditure of government. It reduces the saving and investment. Low level of saving investment means economic backwardness. Domestic savings are 9. 5% of GDP and total investment is 13. 4% of GDP during 2010-11. High Rate of Inflation There is more demand for goods due to more population. More demand results in more prices and inflation in the country. Rate of inflation is 14. 1 % in Pakistan. Pollution There is not any effective system to control the pollution. Capitalists install industries with billion dollars of resources but do not install treatment plants of million rupees. The rapid growth of population creates pollution, unplanned colonies and environment problems. Backward Social Infrastructure Rapidly growing population creates economic and social problems such as housing, education, health, transport, water, power etc. Vicious Circle of Poverty Very high rate of population growth lowers the per capita income, which caused in low saving and low investment that result in low rate of capital formation. All this forms the vicious circle of poverty. Low Living Standard Rising population cannot be provided the basic facilities of life in developing countries like Pakistan. So, rising population means low living standard. About 21 % population is living below poverty line. Adverse Balance of Payment Over populated nation has to import various items to support a huge population. On the other hand their export decreases. Due to over population our balance of payment is unfavourable in case of Pakistan. At present value of deficit in balance of payment is $ 8. 3 billion. Reduction in Wage Rate High growth rate of population is caused in more labour force and unemployment. There is absence of skill and training that leads to low wage rate. 12. Increase in Dependence Ratio Rapid rise in population growth increases the dependency ratio of unemployed population to employed population. Labour force is 54. 92 million of the population in Pakistan and remaining population is depending upon them. MEASURES TO CONTROL OVER POPULATION Following measures are suggested by the people and experts to check the rapidly raising population: Control the Birth Rate The high birth rate i. e. , 2. 1% should be discouraged to reduce the population size. Effective and successful family planning should be introduced. Use of Medicines More contraceptive medicines should be introduced to people. By using these medicines; people will control the birth rate. Late Marriages Marriages should take place in late age to control the rapidly rising population. It will be helpful to control the over population. Health Centers Government should open the health clinics in all the regions of the country. These clinics will be useful for reducing the high birth rate. High Literacy Rate Government should provide the more educational facilities to the backward population. This will provide the true picture of the economy, resources and population growth rate. Literacy rate is 57. 7% in Pakistan. Women Employment Only 29 % women take an active part in the economic activities in Pakistan. They live full time at home and have no opportunity cost to have a baby. Family Planning Government should introduce the family planning to the population to control the high growth rate of population. Increase in Employment More employment opportunities must be provided to the young, talented, trained and educated population. It will be helpful to decrease the fast birth rate. Provision of Credit Facilities Government should provide the easy credit facilities to population to adjust the existing population in economic activities. It will lead to reduce the population explosion. Growth of Small Scale and Cottage Industries Growth and development of small-scale and cottage industries is also necessary to reduce the pressure on land. It will provide more jobs to men and also to women. Conclusion: High growth rate of population creates unfavorable effects on the economic development in the developing countries like Pakistan. High rate of population growth in Pakistan means poverty, illiteracy, low living standard, absence of prosperity and vicious circle of poverty.

Saturday, April 18, 2020

The Leopard an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

The Leopard by Expert Prof. Akademia | 27 Dec 2016 Introduction: Need essay sample on "The Leopard" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Risorgimento or also known as the Revival or the Italian Unification, is the nineteenth century revolutionary movement, which joined different region of Italy into one peninsula. This period is assumed to have begun with the arrival f Napoleon and the end of Franco Prussian War in 1815. It was basically a socio political movement which formulated todays Kingdom of Italy. This time span was filled with artistic and literally forms of nationalism which spread the spirit of unification through out the peninsula like fire, who promoted the idea of free, independent and a republic Italy, with Rome as its capital. The Leopard: The life of Sicily during the Risorgimento is very tactfully and vividly explained by the famous Italian novelist, Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, in his famous novel, Il Gattopardo, first published in 1958, and was later translated to English by the name the Leopard. In 1911 he also served in the army, being patriotic and heroic in the war of Caporetto, he was taken in as a prisoner in Hungary. Later after his escape, he went out for traveling, learning more about foreign literature, and it was in this period that he perceived his first novel, the leopard. It is believed that after he finished writing his novel in 1956, it was rejected by the publisher; and it was a year later after his sudden death from lung cancer in 1958, that excellence of his work was recognized, it was not even published but also won the Strega Prize. While some also believe that the initial rejection that the novel attained, wasnt because of poor literary matter but was due had its political reasons enveloped w ith it. College Students Frequently Tell EssayLab writers:I'm not in the mood to write my assignmentSpecialists recommend:Online Essay Helper Best Website To Buy College Papers Essay Writer Service Writing Essay Company Another tale about the author regards him as the last prince of the Sicily state, or the Duke of Palma, and claims that he wrote this novel on his rand father, another Prince of Lampedusa. The story further goes that it was after the palace at Lampedusa was bombarded in the Second World War that Tomasi sank down in great depression, and it was in this incomplete state of helplessness that he wrote this legendary novel, which is still remembered as revolutionary. The original title, Il Gattopardo, literally means as the cat, which was like an heirloom for the authors family, thus holds great respect and honor for him. In the translated version, however, it has been titled as the leopard. The novel caters to many historical events which at that time took place in Italy, while some of the most important ones included the invasion of Garibaldi onto the Sicilian coast, the Unification of Italy and the changing system from aristocracy to a more democratic society thus showing dramatic changes for the people. Most of the novel has been based upon the time when Italy was going through the Risorgimento period, when the voice of Guiseppe Garibaldi, for the unification of Italy was on the rise. The story starts to open when his army lands on the coast of Sicily, and is planning to overthrow the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. However, the secondary plot revolves around how the political situation of the country influences the ordinary people of the country, such as the aristocratic Salina family, lead by Prince Fabrizio. Donadio Rachel, in his article, published on 31 July, 2008, the New York Times, titled as the Leopard Turns 50, while describing the excellence of the book states, Sicily is the key to Italy, as Goethe once wrote, and one novel is the key to Sicily: The Leopard, Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusas masterpiece. (Donadio, 2008) He states that this novel is the most perfect depiction of the times of aristocracy that this world has lost. Leopards protagonist, Prince Frabozi who is shown as a rich aristrocrat of great knowledge, position and social status, a man benevolent with money and customed to living by traditions. The novel finds grave tragedy in his life, when his favorite nephew, Prince Tancredi, is apt on supporting the coming revolution, not through the mere interest of embracing the change but for his love for money, status and position in the new developing society. Thus for the sake of money and an artificial life, tancredi marries at a lower place, just for the sake of money; where Frabozi accepts how his monarchy was finally being over ruled by the midle class slowing coming to power. He also speaks the heart of the novel which describes the entire book beautifully saying that; If we want things to stay as they are, things will have to change. (Ebert, 2003) The final death of the prince by which he is left to cater his unmarried daughters, his splitting property and nevertheless the broken government. This death does not only represent the sad dismisal of Lampedusas but also marks the end towards the monarchy of Sicily. This novel is a representation of the changing society, of how Garibaldis revolution brought the entire empire to shift its way of living and its traditions according to the new rule. The dying of the pronce echoes pf how an entire era had eventually come to an end with the invasion, bronging his knowledge and morality all to an end. The story finds its grimace with Fabrizio realizing that even with his place in the society he is helpless and cannot stop the change from engulfing the entire society. It also paints the countryside of Sicily in a very picturesque and vivid manner, which helps the readers imagine the country at the time of Risorgimento. One of the famous quotes taken from the book which describes the Sicilian fall and the rise of new era is as follows; "All this shouldn't last; but it will, always; the human 'always,' of course, a century, two centuries... and after that it will be different but worse. We were the Leopards, the Lions; those who'll take our place will be little jackals, hyenas; and the whole lot of us Leopards, jackals, and sheep, we'll all go on thinking ourselves the salt of the earth." (Lampedusa, 1958) The novel was later in 1963 depicted in the form of a film by director Luchino Visconti, and the cast included Burt Lancaster, Claudia Cardinale and Alain Delon. It like the novel was set in the mood of 1860, when Italy was in the process of unification, with the monarchy coming to an end. However, both the movie and the novel have been criticized for being too disillusioned by the Unification, and to be overly skeptic of its negative effects upon the lives of the people. It was taken more as a more negative Marxist theory who claimed it as merciless and the Catholics were pessimistic of its view points. Generally it is taken as an objective side of the story; however it covers the true aspects of the history which did exist in the lives of those suffering through the revolution. Lampedusa, no matter had a royal birth, born with an actual silver spoon in his mouth, unfortunately had to face the fall of his familys position; thus it explains his flight f anger and depression seen throughout the novel. He well understood the political motives of leaders as he had spent his entire life amongst them, and was able to comprehend what would befall them in the future. Conclusion: Leopard is a story which directly comes from the heart of a person who suffered through the loss of his kingdom; thus it tells the tale of a man who faced revolution at peak and saw how his life might change marking the history of a new revolution. References Donadio, R. (2008, July 31). The Leopard Turns 50. The essay. The New York Times. Ebert, R. (2003, September 14). The Leopard (1963). Retrieved from http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20030914%2FREVIEWS08%2F309140302%2F1023&AID1=&AID2=%2F20030914%2FREVIEWS08%2F309140302%2F1023 Lampedusa, G. T, (1958). The Leopard. Current Edition: Pantheon. ISBN: 0679731210 Chapter 4

Saturday, March 14, 2020

The Death Penalty And Note How It Changed Religion Essay Example

The Death Penalty And Note How It Changed Religion Essay Example The Death Penalty And Note How It Changed Religion Essay The Death Penalty And Note How It Changed Religion Essay Squandered Opportunities: New York s Pataki Years ( 2006 ) , aˆÂ ¦ read moreand Contending the Good Battle: A History of the New York Conservative Party ( 2002 ) . In 1993, Mr. George Marlin was the campaigner of Conservative Party for city manager of New York City, and in the twelvemonth 1994 he served as squad member in Governor-elect Pataki s passage squad. He besides served as CEO and Executive Director of the Port Authority of New Jersey and New York two times. In that context and capacity he managed installations precisely 35 in figure including the JFK, World Trade Center, Newark Airports, PATH Subway, LaGuardia and the two tunnels and four Bridgess that connect New Jersey and New York. His articles and books have appeared in legion publication sites and periodicals including New York Post, National Review, The New York Times, The Washington Times, Newsday and the New York Daily News. Mr. George Marlin is besides functioning as a general editor of G.K. Chesterton s The C ollected Works. Introduction For old ages, the symbol of the hereafter has been the coming of new decennary ; the reaching of new century. Whether the field is Religion, medical specialty, infinite geographic expedition or condemnable justness, that bend of the calendar has held alone captivation. Now as we approach the new decennary, a new world is organizing from that captivation. Still distant plenty to offend our wonder but near enough that our outlooks and analysis sing decease punishment and the church can be guided by world, life in the following decennary can be the focal point of productive, justifiable and practical enquiry ( Guha 67 ) . The Catholic Church and the Death Punishment The Catholic Church Vatican abolished the decease punishment in 1969, imperceptibly that no 1 have noticed until the 1971. Besides, the Papal States have executed many people up until 1870, easing the most flagitious type of offenses to be given penalty by malleting the felon or the condemned s caput so slicing his pharynx. The traditional Catholic Church instruction has been so strong, expressed and uninterrupted on this affair. The Catholic Church should hold made a clear statement that it is non the instruction that has been changed, but penal social wealth and engineering ( Barry, 87 ) . Harmonizing to early Catholic literatures, the earliest spiritual penalty signifier was called private retaliation, it described that the victim was retaliated for hurts without intervention by the community. The chief job with this sort of retaliation is it frequently resulted into bloody feuds that continue for several old ages until the other side was wiped out wholly. The belongings of the church and life loss became so common that the early Catholic societies glowingly begun enforcing official decease punishments and tests on anyone who offended in order to forestall the happening of private retribution ( Biernie 98 ) . For many old ages, this sort of decease penalty and tests was carried out mostly in the context of morality and faith. The Acts of the Apostless of offenses were told to be violative to the Gods, who might demo their disapproval through temblors, pestilences or other sort of devastation. The penalty is said to proportionate the act of offenses and wrongdoing to decrease the choler of Gods and is based on spiritual instruction and the bible. It is besides limited significantly to any surpluss sing private retribution in an effort to decrease the blood feuds and its effects ( Barry 63 ) . While these religious and spiritual positions and attacks penalty and decease punishment dominated by the early Catholics and early attacks return to antiquity signifier. For an case, Plato ( 429-347 B.C. ) said that the foundation of Torahs was the societal prevailing of morality instead than god s jurisprudence. Therefore, every sort of action reverse to the morality is considered a offense. In hisA composing about RepublicA andA LawsA he argued the four different types of discourtesies: ( 1 ) discourtesies against the faith ( 2 ) discourtesies against the province ; ( 3 ) discourtesies against the individual and ( 4 ) discourtesies against the private belongingss. He besides did different statements: that offenses were the merchandises of a faulty acquisition or instruction, that the penalty badness should be examined by the blameworthiness grades, that the felons are considered ill persons who must be intervened and that if they can non be normalized they must be wiped out ( Bier nie 93 ) . During the in-between ages, Christianity credence in Europe have turned the perceptual experience about penalty and decease punishment into religious way, different from the natural thought dictated by the Roman Catholic jurisprudence. The Satan s influence was the most normally used account for offense and penalties that described as cruel and primitive. Crimes were associated with wickedness, and the authorities claimed that it was replacing the topographic point of God with his ability for decease penalties ( Brugger 56 ) . This spiritual and religious footing for decease penalty was associated with societal and political organisations of feudal system to make the inductions of the system in condemnable justness. In an attempt to decrease the blood feuds, the Godheads of feudal instructed the functionary procedure which God could merely bespeak who was guilty and who was guiltless. This method was conducted through ordeal tests in which the accused party was underwent to painful and hard trials. Other type of ordeal consists of gantlet running and fire walking. The test by ordeal was condemned in 1215 by the Catholic Pope and was overpowered by the procedure of compurgation, in which the accused party joined together to curse in the forepart of 12 reputable people who would curse that they were guiltless. The method was that cipher would lie to forestall penalty by God ( Aiklo 84 ) . In confrontation straight with these Catholic and religious positions stood societal contract and the Utopian authors, who promoted predominating societal conditions and rationalism. Arguments about the legislative assemblies in set uping a fixed graduated table of legal offenses, from the least serious to the more serious, and fixed matching graduated tables of discourtesies proportions, penalties, runing from the least terrible to the more serious. Harmonizing to Attigod ( 27 ) over the class of the past centuries, there were seeable grim degrees of guess in historical and modern-day Catholic literatures about offenses and decease punishments at the same clip that world-wide issues and struggles. Concurrent to these developments, there has been a new moving ridge of involvement directed toward the factors lending to the development of modern Catholicism s coming out from different facets of life things through communications, specifically the turn in the rating and judgement function in society or the church ( Brugger 78 ) . A survey conducted by Barry ( 93 ) , he presented that at the start of the new millenary, there were turning figure of standards that began to propose decease punishment and penalty as a redress to the province cauterized of society and the church. Yet, he questioned how can these standards for plants within the new religious modes of in the changing and automatic duologue and ambiguity? The modern involvement was focused on the importance of supplying a model for understanding the development of decease punishment in Catholic Church. Included in those was the demand for analyzing the instruction and rule that today society requires being effectual member of the society. That scriptural cognition, steadfastly grounded in the present and the yesteryear, has guided their attempts to look into the hereafter. Most of these writers do non see themselves futurists, that is, specializers, theorizing about the hereafter. Alternatively, their attempt here are the best apprehended as efforts to extent today s religious cognition base modestly frontward for a decennary and a half and possibly to act upon those who are willing to do dare springs ( Barry 83 ) . Presents, merely some of many offenses that occur received intense attendings from the intelligence media, jurisprudence enforcement bureaus, and the populace. White collar offense gets least attending that its innermost costs warrant and incendiarism is seldom the footing of intelligence narratives, official probe and public fright. In recent old ages, two comparatively uncommon signifiers of offenses consecutive homicide and the slaying of kids abducted by aliens, have dominated imperativeness studies and Church place on offense, telecasting docudramas, constabulary probes, and popular attendings ( Barry 63 ) . During the 1980 s, the issue of consecutive slaying was established as major societal job, and the stereo typical consecutive slayer become one of the best-known and the most widely feared societal enemies ( Brugger 67 ) In each instance, peculiar attending of the Catholic Church has directed toward the designation of claims-makers, those persons and groups who attempted to show an issue in a peculiar manner. The survey of religious bookmans on these offenses is cardinal to the constructionists attack to societal jobs in which the theoretical undertaking is to analyze how members defines Lodge and imperativeness claims ; how they publicized their concerns, redefine the issue in inquiry in the face of political obstructions, indifference or resistances ; how they enter in confederations which other claim shapers. The development of the decease punishment shaped public perceptual experiences of the consecutive slaying job, offenses, and the agencies claims and came to the constitution as important. It will be suggested that such an geographic expedition has of import deductions both for the framing of societal jobs, and for the survey of mass media ( James 28 ) . On the other manus, the decease punishment was the philosophical focal point of 19th and twentieth century, the present attack by the church surfaced as an academic field and subject in the seventiess. The rethinking and uncertainty about the human and offense relationship over the last three decennaries showed an already common perceptual experience in the early sixtiess that the 20th century nowadayss with a population clip bomb and a major crisis issue ( Guha 19 ) Additionally, the Catholic s historical derived functions of the decease punishment and penalty are linked to overdrive and mistreat of human rights and nature by care of the homo s equality over all other signifiers of nature and life on Earth and by perceptual experience of all was formed and created for the justness non merely human existences but all signifier of life in the existence. Interestingly, Pope John Paul II frequently appealed for mildness and compassion towards condemned liquidators, and Catholic bishops have staid that the decease punishment should non be lawfully imposed in the United States and for the remainder of the universe ( Barry 93 ) . The modern Catholic Church is to a great extent influenced by political orientation and political relations, but those influences can be tempered by informations. The aggregation and analysis of information about offense and decease punishment and about the religious and societal justness procedure will play an progressively of import regulation in the hereafter. Research, including rating surveies, hence becomes an indispensable constituent of supplying services to the community. Such research serves as a foundation on which future policies and processs can be evaluated and disciplinary steps taken to better the bringing of services. In this manner, research is more that heuristic. It is now an of import ingredient in the procedure of finishing the multiple undertakings expected of criminology leaders ( Attigod 87 ) . The development of decease punishment and justness with the intercession of Catholic Church faces different challenges and issues today, offenses, debasement of natural resources and devastation of human life are some of the issues sing the topic. There is besides devastation of some single members of human groups and overpopulated species belong to indigenous group which is of import for the saving of our unity ( Aiklo, 65 ) . There are terrorists from different states across the Earth that continually patterns flagitious offenses to prolong their demands and ends that degrades the quality of human life. In natural scenes, there are industries and mining company that utilized unfastened cavity excavation in some environmental diverse country that causes planetary clime alteration. It is frequently discusses to be morally incorrect for every human existences to consume, destroy and injury any parts of the nature, human life and to big country of the Earth s natural resources. It is b esides familiar that the Bible quoted as a justification for capital penalty: Eye for oculus, tooth for tooth ( from Leviticus 24:20 ; besides Exodus 21:24 ) . This follows by a more direct poetry: Whoever takes the life of any human being shall be put to decease ( Leviticus 24:17 ) However, some priests have asked decease punishment should impact the topographic points defined in which countries are to be restored, and have questioned over precisely which must be ecological characteristics, terrorist act, condemnable characteristics, etc. These issues are emerging in Catholic Church members and society and so an issue besides emerges over the Torahs of the nature and penalties that will demo in them, and besides of their combination into immense planetary, regional, political and economic field ( Barry 45 ) . The political, ethical, and legal meetings of statements sing the hereafter of Catholic church is focused on the outgrowth of philosophical and religious issues that concern with religious values, human rights, resources depletion and the argue over whether an human moralss would be anything new instead than a alterations, extension or alteration of current ethical doctrines were showed in broad political, environmental and societal motions. William claude dukenfields and countries other than faith such as feminism, deep ecology, and societal theories are considered to hold important impact on the political development of places sing the environment. The importance of this factors impact to the Catholic people s believing about criminology and has been valued by many environmental bookmans and philosophers ( Attigod 27 ) . Current political struggles and geographical differences with the Catholic Church supply important challenges to the issue of offenses and decease punishment, the universe is now in general as it threatens to widen inequalities and affect human populating systems. The justness and Catholic instructions are necessary as it involve the intervention with the rights of worlds and non-human life elements, peculiarly in relation to entree to life s critical to survival. It besides contains inquiries concerned to whether homo should go forth considerations to other human to continue for future coevalss. That is either of the chief activities that are unethical and how their engagements in an activity to mislead the public about political alterations in the past decennaries that have tarnished the Religious instructions ( Abram 86 ) .A The linked between unequal human intervention of decease punishment, devastation of environmental, poorness and the economic state of affairs of the universe order have been argued by condemnable bookmans, political scientists, geographers, development theoreticians, and economic experts every bit good as by philosophers. Linkss between criminology and Catholic Church are good established peculiarly. It is good known today that the Church has a disproportional consequence on the hapless and on justness in that those in whom the coercive power of the province is vested are disproportionately white in-between category. The unity of this church system and its societal control depends on its being just and just. Where disparity exists, we must be certain that it is non the consequence of either deliberate or unwilled differences in the intervention of its citizens. While the modern attack of church in decease punishment can non be expected to turn to unfairnesss that may be in the larger society, church leaders contribute to them. Leaderships of the field must take duty for safeguarding the unity of decease penalty system and for working toward the system whose employees are sensitive to the civilizations of those caught up in it and served by it ( Abram 76 ) .A In decision, the Vatican Church in the Modern World and the Catholic Pope s recent societal instructions and the statements of the U.S. bishops represent the methodological demands for using the Bible in the death-penalty arguments but besides provide important content. These current instructions and paperss listen to the Bible context, paying attending to major issues and subjects, and besides size up the major marks of the times ( James 45 ) .